Q • Question 1 33 out of 45 points Works that express a deep religious faith abound in early American literature. Even those who wrote in the late 18th century, such as Phillis Wheatley and Olaudah Equiano, acknowledge the work of God in their lives. By contrast, the ideals of the Enlightenment helped give rise to writings such as Thomas Paine’s Common Sense and The Crisis, Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence, and Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography. Write an essay in which you contrast the Age of Faith with the Age of Reason. Your primary focus should be the characteristics of each time period as well as the WORKS that we read and studied in this unit. Ask yourself questions about the works. For example, how do Bradstreet's poems or Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation reflect that they lived their faith? How does the plan for perfection that Franklin outlines in his Autobiography fit what you know about him and about the Enlightenment? What is the "common sense" that Paine is trying to set forth? Also, consider any "crossovers" you may have noticed between writers from the different time periods. • For example, do you see reason in Jonathan Edwards? • Does Paine totally forsake the work of God in the colonies? • Finally, how do Equiano and Wheatley fit in? Do not forget that they lived during the Age of Reason and express faith. How do you interpret that? Take your time to develop your essay. Use the course notes and textbook to do so. DO NOT SEARCH ANY OF THESE CONCEPTS ON THE INTERNET. Be sure to proofread well. • Question 2 21 out of 21 points Choose THREE of the following quotes. Identify the author of each quote and the work from which it comes; then explain both its meaning and its significance. Remember, the significance has to do with the context in which this quote is written. Do not forget this. 1. "Surely, this is a new refinement in cruelty, which, while it has no advantage to atone for it, thus aggravates distress and adds fresh horrors even to the wretchedness of slavery." (The key to interpreting this quote is knowing what "this" is.) 2. THESE are the times that try men's souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country but he that stands it NOW, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. (To answer well, you must define the crisis and define summer soldier and sunshine patriot.) 3. Then straight I ‘gin my heart to chide, And did thy wealth on earth abide? Didst fix thy hope on mould'ring dust? The arm of flesh didst make thy trust? Raise up thy thoughts above the sky That dunghill mists away may fly. 4. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly; it is dearness only that gives everything its value. (Do not overlook the fact that tyranny is compared to hell.) 5. It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection. I wish'd to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. • Question 3 10 out of 14 points Choose TWO of the following passages. Identify the author of the passage. Next, identify the passage as a simile, metaphor, or allusion; then explain the significance of the passage - the meaning within the context of the work. If the passage is an allusion, be sure to identify the original reference. 1. Neither could they, as it were, go up to the top of Pisgah to view from this wilderness a more goodly country to feed their hopes . . . . 2. The wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for the present; they increase more and more, and rise higher and higher, till an outlet is given; and the longer the stream is stopped, the more rapid and mighty is its course, when once it is let loose. 3. My imagination was all rapture as I flew to the Register Office: and, in this respect, like the apostle Peter, (whose deliverance from prison was so sudden and extraordinary, that he thought he was in a vision), I could scarcely believe I was awake. 4. Wars, without ceasing, will break out till that period arrives, and the continent must in the end be conqueror; for though the flame of liberty may sometimes cease to shine, the coal can never expire. • Question 4 16 out of 20 points Choose two of the following three short essay questions. Answer the question in the form of a paragraph. Complete sentences are a must. 1. In "The Way to Wealth," Benjamin Franklin sets forth several overriding principles that will help people achieve wealth. Discuss (not just list) three of these principles, explaining what Franklin has to say about this topic. Giving an aphorism or two to support your answer is welcome but not required. 2. In both Common Sense and The Crisis, No. 1, Thomas Paine uses powerful persuasive appeals to make his arguments. Discuss Paine's use of two of the three rhetorical appeals. In other words, choose two prompts below and give specific answers/explanations from one or both of Paine's essays. • Logos is a logical appeal supported by facts and evidence. The focus is on the argument itself. What logical or factual appeals does Paine make in his essays? In other words, what arguments would make sense to his audience? • Ethos is an ethical appeal based on the credibility of the writer. In what way does Paine establish his credibility (his knowledge and/or his trustworthiness) with his audience? • Pathos is an emotional appeal. What emotions does Paine bring forth in his readers? How does he do so? 3. Consider the text of "On Being Brought from Africa to America" by Phyllis Wheatley. Who is Wheatley’s audience in this poem? Describe the person whom you take to be addressed by this poem, what it hopes to persuade that person of, and how it goes about persuading her or him.